ah ( A: ) is the bīja-mantrā for the crown or sahasrāra chakrā. This completes the explanation of – mātrkā chakra sambodhah. See Fig. 4aham is to be understood as ah with the bindu on top as the anunāsik or the nāda bindu. This is also the bindu of aum ( ! ) which is the bija-mantrā for the ājna chakrā located in the centre of the forehead, exactly where the traditional tikā is to be placed in the Hindu religious practices. This is the point to which , during meditation, all the lower chakrā energies are to be collected for the final release of the ātman back into the Unknown. aum ( ! ) can also be understood as the pratyāhāra for all the vowel plus mute-consonant sounds and hence the complete definition of the vocal apparatus starting from the glottis to the lips. This completes the explanation of – śaktichakra   samdhane   viśvasamhāra.

The Semi-vowels – the antahstha

These are four in number and are framed as follows :-

î combines with â to give ( [ + A) as ya ( ya )

r combines with â to give ( ? + A ) as ra ( r )